Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is a relatively rare cancer that affects young men and boys. It is also highly treatable and has a good prognosis when it is diagnosed early. That's why it's important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer.

What are the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer?

• A lump or swelling in one or both testicles.
• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
• Pain or discomfort in the testicles.
• Enlargement or tenderness of the testicles.
• A dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin.

If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, see a doctor right away.

What causes testicular cancer?

The cause of testicular cancer is unknown, but there are some risk factors that can increase your risk, including:

• Being between the ages of 15 and 35.
• Having a family history of testicular cancer.
• Having had testicular cancer in the other testicle.
• Having an undescended testicle (a testicle that did not move into the scrotum before birth).
• Having Klinefelter syndrome (a condition that affects males and results in an extra X chromosome).
• Being white (males of other races are less likely to develop testicular cancer).

What are the treatment options for testicular cancer?

The treatment for testicular cancer will depend on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. The most common treatments include:

• Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for testicular cancer. There are two types of surgery: radical inguinal orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Radical inguinal orchiectomy is a surgery to remove the testicle and the spermatic cord. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a surgery to remove lymph nodes in the abdomen that may contain cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is often used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells.  
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. It is often used to treat testicular cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.  

What is the prognosis for testicular cancer?

The prognosis for testicular cancer is very good, especially when it is diagnosed and treated early. The 5-year survival rate for testicular cancer is over 95%.

How can I reduce my risk of testicular cancer?

There is no sure way to prevent testicular cancer, but there are some things you can do to reduce your risk, including:

• Performing regular testicular self-exams.
• Seeing your doctor for a physical exam once a year.
• Talking to your doctor about your risk factors for testicular cancer.

What should I know about testicular cancer?

Testicular cancer is a serious but treatable cancer. If you are concerned about your risk of testicular cancer, talk to your doctor.

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